Ethnocentrism and Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Ethnocentrism and Stereotypes Essay Introduction. Social stereotyping has become a widespread phenomenon nowadays. This topic has been actively investigated in social psychology and it is still one of the most controversial issues in this science as there are many opposite points of view on the process of stereotyping. In our trivial understanding stereotypes are negative phenomena and we should escape them but this is just mundane awareness, which has no common with scientific vision of it. In fact, avoidance of different stereotypes is impossible because they are natural for human beings. They surround us everywhere in our life and sometimes we can be unconscious that we are under their influence. One more thing is that stereotypes are confused with prejudice. It is a common but serious mistake because there is Ð ° vital difference between them. The former should be considered, as psychological phenomenon that can be both positive and negative while prejudice is an adverse one by its nature. This essay is about the mechanisms of stereotyping, their place in our life, how they manifest in modern society and their importance for us. 1. Social stereotyping within Social Psychology. Social stereotypes- simplified schematized images of social objects that are shared by most of members of social groups. The first man who used this definition was Walter Lippmann. He submitted his work â€Å"Public Opinion† in 1922 where he describes stereotypes as â€Å"pictures in our heads†. Lippmann thought that these â€Å"pictures† were inevitable and made the process of perception easier but also were the foundation of social misunderstanding and intension. â€Å"For the most part we do not see first, and then define, we define first and then see†. It should be noted that at first researches of stereotypes were devoted to the images of ethnic communities, but with the development of our society and as a result of it with the growth of social mobility and people’s involvement in the great amount of social groups, the researches spread on various types of groups and communities like religious, political, professional, cultural, economical, age-related, sexual and so on. Stereotypes usually appear in the setting of the shortage of information when your own experience interacts with the subsisting in the society representations. It often happens that the latter is erroneous and biased. That is why they say that stereotyping is inaccurate and can lead to distortion of people’s notions and knowledge and can seriously spoilt interindividual interplay. But it should be taken into consideration that stereotypes can be not only negative, too generalized, too simplified and approximate but also positive, accurate and neutral. To estimate whether stereotype is true or false they have to analyze the situation because depending on the circumstances one stereotype can be both right and wrong. 1. 1. Levels and functions of stereotyping. Social stereotypes should be considered as the system of its three components: cognitive, in other words informative, which includes the information about real objects and phenomena; affective or evaluative part that consists of experiences; social (behavioral)- the way of behavior to different objects of surrounding world. People adopt stereotypes since their childhood and use them before the constitution of their own images. Scientists detach two fundamental levels of stereotyping: group and individual. The difference lies in functions that they execute: on the group level they are ideological and identifying functions and on the other there are cognitive and value-protective ones. But this division is conventional as one function can be realized on both levels. Cognitive function consists of systematization of incoming information, its selection and simplification. Due to this stereotyping helps to acquire maximum of the data involving minimum of brainwork. In fact, it is one of the forms of perception of social reality that allows us cope with the information space of modern world and which is used when more accurate and full information is not available. In short it can be said that it helps people to react quickly on social events and to foresee people’s actions. But it should be appreciated that it does not serve for facilitation of the cognition but for social understanding of the information. Another function of the individual level directs to the creation and protection of the positive self-image. The same goals realized the identifying one on the social level but there we have we-image of the group. It is very important for human beings and social groups to follow standards in order to support their identity and to occupy their places in the social structure. So, it is seen that stereotyping leads to the social categorization and sometimes to social prejudice and so called in-groups and out-groups. And finally the ideological function, as it is not hard to guess, consists in the shaping of the group ideology and also in its preservation. The ideology in turn is one of the crucial components as it explains and substantiates the behavior of the group members and their characteristics. 1. 2. Attributes of stereotypes. One of the key characteristics of the considering process is that stereotyping largely based on emotions and has estimative side. It is normal because people generate stereotypes and it can be hardly argued that the latter is not under subjective evaluation and opinions. That is why stereotypes are very unreliable and inaccurate sometimes and following them can lead to serious consequences, for example, when they affect on making decisions. It happens very often when people behave in a very illogical ways just because of being under the stereotypes. One more crucial peculiarity is the stability. Its fixity was proved by many researches but scientists also claim that it has relative nature because changes of relationships between groups and individuals can veer contents of stereotypes. They emphasize some reasons of the stability. Firstly, people deny changing their images even when they come in contact with a person that disconfirm social image and tend to think that it is an exception but not a mistake in the system of stereotyping. For instance, it is a common idea that men never cry, so when we face with weeping man it corners us and we are disposed to think that it is an abnormal situation. Second one follows herefrom and lie in the fact that it is common for people to forget about the failure of stereotypes and remember only the instances that confirm them. And thirdly, our expectations affect on the perception. Finally, stereotypes possess the coherence or consensus. But it is a very controversial issue because some psychologists do not acknowledge it as an attribute because stereotypes should be explored as individual phenomena because they are produced in people’s heads. 1. 3 â€Å"Grain of truth†. After 1950s years in social psychology appeared a new hypothesis â€Å"grain of truth† according to which the volume of true knowledge is much more bigger than the volume of false in stereotypes. Scientists that support this new view claim that stereotyping is not a scheme of fabulous opinions but is a total of real images of group characteristics and relationships that may be deformed but still reflect social reality. In other words they should understand this as that stereotypes base upon the reality and what is more the conceptualization of a group usually shapes from the interaction with its representative. So, stereotypes include truthful information that can be spoilt by corrupted data. As social stereotypes to a large extent reflect real features of groups, there is no doubt that the principles of contacts between groups have an effect on the stereotypes: depending on it the latter may conclude less or more positive constituent. One more key factor is the criterion of verity of the stereotyping. If more than two groups support a stereotype and self-assessment of the group is the same, the stereotype is estimated as true. But they should add that self-assessment is a very doubtful aspect because group can be mistaken and estimate itself subjectively in a wrong way. 2. Manifestation of social stereotypes in the modern society. 2. 1. Stereotypes in every day. As stated before we face social stereotypes every day of our lives. In some cases we consciously use them but it often happens that we do not realize how and when they appear. The brightest examples are ethnic stereotypes. We get used to think that Frenchmen are full of love and French women are always well groomed and elegant, Jews are crafty and always look for profit, British men are prim, conservative, traditionalist, very patriotic and drink tea the whole day, Germans are punctual and like order, Americans are mad about their country, have dull sense of humour, hardworking and chase American dream and as for the Russian people the whole world thinks that we are crazy, drink alcohol instead of tea and Russian women are the most beautiful. As it is seen, these stereotypes in most cases are neutral and have confirmation in the reality but some of them are absurd and have no common with the objective state of things. So, for instance, while travelling we prepare to see something that we expect according to gained stereotypes. Sometimes it happens that they help us as we are ready to changes of social environment but in other cases we have culture shock (f. e. Americans can joke well and are not too mad about money and work; a fair number of Russians do not drink alcohol at all). Gender stereotypes are also very widespread. Women are called as the softer sex, are thought to be fools and as a result cannot occupy high posts, they are bad drivers, blondes are silly, clever ones cannot be happy in their interior lives. As for males, they never cry, have to direct and are unfaithful to their wives. These lists are enormous and can be continued endlessly. We use them constantly and even submit their influence voluntarily. There are a lot of jokes about blondes, sometimes it is hard for women to get prestigious job and we do not expect of men to indulge weaknesses. Generally speaking, the amount of stereotypes is immense and it is impossible to list them all. In most instances we employ them willingly and rarely deny them. Some of them enter our lives so strongly that control our actions, goings and decisions. 2. 2. Stereotypes in management. Managers work with people permanently, so it is important for them to know about the mechanism of stereotyping and know, how to make the best use of it. As a leader, manager should abstract from any of stereotypes and behave with subordinates equally independently of their gender, nation, age and so on. If he or she does not do it, it can lead to conflicts, decrease of working capacity of a collective and even to his/her dismissal because of professional incompetence. Moreover, Chief Human Resources Officer while recruitment should also control his/her personal stereotypes as he/she can miss good professional or otherwise make a mistake employing undesirable person just because of the sympathy or other factors that stereotypes generate. Finally, professional manager has to know how stereotyping may affect on his/her staffs and know how to prevent negative backwashes of it to organize staffs well and to increase the effectiveness and working efficiency of a collective. Conclusion. To make a conclusion it is necessary to say that stereotyping is an important process and it cannot be ignored. Stereotypes carry positive functions such as facilitation of perception but also can negatively affect on us. So people should distinguish where adventitious impact of them finishes and adverse begins as stereotypes affect on us and only people by themselves can control the power of their influence. Although stereotypes includes some truth, people should remember that it is much better to check a stereotype in the reality than to rely on it surely, as it can turn against them. Now scientists are working on the system of the suppression of stereotypes as they are in favor of their substitution to personal persuasion. It is a hard thing to control and mortify stereotypes in your own consciousness, as it needs from you to realize the prepossession and ignore it proceeding from the equality of men and from the feeling of compunction because you know nothing of people but judge them in advance.

Terrorists Groups In The Middle East Essay Example for Free

Terrorists Groups In The Middle East Essay What have been the most common tactics/weapons and threats used by terrorists/terror groups in the Middle East since 9/11/01? The most common tactics/weapons and threats used by terrorists/terror group in the Middle East since 9/11 are bombings which can include car bombs, improvised explosive devices (IED’s), suicide attacks and explosives. Next we have rocket and mortar attacks, vehicle based attacks which is when they used any motor vehicle to run over people walking or to ram into vehicles. Other common ones are hi-jacking planes, chemical and biological weapons, nuclear weapons, conventional firearms and secondary attacks which are when they have a second type of weapon go off after the original so as to injure the emergency response team. In your opinion, are these tactics, weapons, and threats successful from a terrorist perspective? Why or why not? Explain in detail. Yes I do believe they are successful because they accomplish at minimum what they set out to do. Placing fear and causing panic among the masses is so apparent for terrorists, because how much media attention there is they can watch and enjoy their terror. They have us on the edge of our seats when chaos takes place. They catch us off guard and that too is part of their plan. What do you see as the likelihood of a terrorist organization either acquiring or building a nuclear weapon? Explain in detail. I see the likelihood of a terrorist organization either acquiring or building a nuclear weapon as pretty high likelihood. I do not think for one minute that they are incapable. I do not believe that our government is honest with who we do business with. They have what is called suitcase nukes and they are so small they can fit into a suitcase. Money talks and can buy you anything besides permanent happiness. If you have enough money you can buy materials for a nuclear weapon. If obtained, what do you think would be the top three types of targets on U.S. soil? Explain. I think that businesses, diplomatic offices, and military institutions are the three types of targets on U.S. soil. The first type of target would be businesses. Businesses account for thirty one and a half percent of frequency of attacks. The second type is diplomatic offices and that takes up twenty six percent of frequency of attacks. Last of the targets are military personnel. The United States armed forces can account for nearly forty three percent of attacks against military organizations. What do you think are the factors working in their favor and against their success to obtain WMDs? Explain in detail and be  specific. The factors that I think that the factors that are working in their favor are that they IED’s that can be constructed out of common materials that are easy to obtain. They have eager and loyal followers that have no problem sacrificing their lives for the cause such as suicide bombings and using children as distractions or bait. It is also hard to dif ferentiate the civilians from the terrorists. What is working against their success is the United States has specialized trained elite forces with intelligence gathering techniques. They also have the latest technologize and weaponry such as drones, night vision goggles, tanks, snipers and much more to work against the success of the terrorists. References Kaplan, E. (2006, Sep). Targets for Terrorists: Post-9/11 Aviation Security. Retrieved November 22, 2013, from http://www.cfr.org/border-and-port-security/targets-terrorists-post-911- aviation-security/p11397 McCann, Joseph T., 2006, Terrorism on American Soil: A Concise History of Plots and Perpetrators from the Famous to the Forgotten, Sentient Publ. (Boulder, CO). Retrieved November 22, 2013, from http://books.google.com/books Sageman, M. (2004). Understanding Terror Networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Ch. 5 pp. 158-161. Retrieved November 22, 2013, from http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book

SWOT analysis for Vodafone PLC

SWOT analysis for Vodafone PLC Vodafone has created a very good Brand Image in the Customers Perception, Vodafone has its services around the world and It is listed in the worlds top 500 Brands and ranked 183 in the year 2006 and is published in Barron and also ranked 86th place in the worlds 100 largest companies and the ranking of Vodafone came down to number 10 in the year 2010 for the top 100 brands listed and that is published by Millward Brown. According to Brand Finances A Global Brand Survey done in the year 2010 Vodafone is ranked the 7th Most Valuable Brand. Best in Class Technology:- Vodafone is equipped with the most advance Infrastructural Network round the globe which helps Vodafone deliver the most unsurpassed quality of communication. There are over 200.000 base stations for the wireless signal Transmission and the network traffic is around 700 billion minutes and over 90 pet bytes of data per year, and the peak download speed is around 28.8 Mbps. This is ultimately serving the Vodafones customers to best services in the market. Vodafone came up with a new Service in the year 2010 named as Vodafone 360 which is an excellent service for the customers who are wanting to be connected everywhere and this particular service is perfect for customers who want to access the latest information available on the internet by keeping their contacts in that. Vodafone 360 is connected to the latest updates from the popular social networking sites, such as Face book, Msn and skype, so Vodafone 360 users can stay update from their Friends and latest news. Vodafone was the First operator to Provide DRM- Free Bundles and has the largest Digital music Subscriptions In Europe where are over 500,000 Customers. Global presence and diversification revenue Vodafone has expanded its business in different parts of the world like Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and the United States through the companys subsidiary undertakings and the investments as of FY2010, and Vodafone is the one best Worlds Leading International Mobile Telecommunications company. Vodafone has partners in more than 40 Countries and has the equity interests over 30 countries; Vodafone has a very good prominent market share in most countries around the world including Europe, The Middle East, Africa, Asia pacific and the United States and Vodafone also has a diversified revenue base for instance in FY2010. Vodafone has its largest geographical market and Germany Contributed 18% of the Total Geographic Revenue. And Italy is the second best revenue generator for Vodafone ie: 13.5% and Spain with 12.7% and United Kingdom with 11.2% of share and Vodacom with 10% followed by India 7% in FY2010, The groups other Africa and Central Europe, and other Asia pacific and middle east operations accounted for 12, 8 and 7.5 percentage respectively. This in turn led Vodafone to be the largest mobile telecommunications operators. Prominent market position At the end of 2009, Vodafone has a sizeable market share in the European region with Italy, Romania Germany Spain and UK at 33.5, 33.1, 32, 31.2 and 23.4 percentages. Whereas, the market share in the eastern European country of Turkey is at 24.5%. It is has a truly international customer base of 347 million registered customers as of 30th June 2009. A sizeable portion of it comes from India where it has the largest and growing clientele. It is estimated that by 2010 Vodafones Indian customer base has the capability to grow up to 111million by the end of 2010 from the present 32 million subscribers. Vodafone subscribers and 85,000 employees have given it a market capitalization of  £80.2 billion as of August 2010 and global mobile market share of 7%. Weakness Mobile phone radiation It is said that the exposure of RF fields from the cell phone towers has dangerous health hazards. Some research studies suggest that excessive cell phone usage could lead to cancer. This belief, however, remains a debatable issue. The local health authorities and the World Health Organization agree there is no evidence on the same. The damage though has already been done. It is a problem faced by all telecom operators. Government authorities in some countries have already taken precautionary measure by limiting cell phone usage in school and colleges, since pupils are more sensitive to RF fields. To a certain degree, the cell phone radiation concern reduces the quantity of demand since a segment of the market will have minimum usage. Legal Proceedings Concerned over allegations of cell phone radiation that will dent telecom industries revenues, operators like Vodafone and Verizon wireless have filed lawsuits against groups alleging various health consequences as a result of mobile usage. Health risks have not been substantiated however, there is no guarantee that the actual or perceived risks of RF exposure will not impair Vodafones ability to retain or attract new subscribers, or reduce mobile usage or result in future litigation. The litigation may further affect Vodafones operations adversely than that of other telecom operators since Vodafones strategic focus is on mobile telecommunications. Opportunities Increasing customers and emerging markets There has been a 20% growth in the telecom industry in the last three years with a 4.7 billion subscribers. Emerging markets like India, China, Turkey and South Africa have been improving performance with increasing revenue which contributes to the market share. In emerging markets mobile penetration is around 50% as compared to European market. Developing countries are expected to deliver faster GDP with little alternative fixed line infrastructure. Turkey in the fourth year had revenue growing 31.3%. Vodafone Indias revenue increased by 14.7%. Other Asia pacific regions and middle east service revenue increased by 9.8%. Mobile Transfer Service Mobile money transfer service is a value added service that provided through existing infrastructure with the help of other financial enterprises. It is a growing business with enormous opportunities especially when mobile customers are growing exponentially with an expected penetration of 5.4 billion by 2015. In the coming years mobile money transfer system will become Vodafones important source of income. 4G Introduction 4G is all about improved high speed data transmission. The superior ultra-broad band will improved internet connectivity and therefore better live streaming experience. Vodafone again will be using its own infrastructure to launch 4G. Growth of mobile advertising The increasing trend of mobile phone users, has led the industry to believe that the global mobile advertising market is expected to grow at a compounded annual growth rate of about 40% until 2014. This has been primarily because of the new handsets that are compatible and improved internet connectivity. In 2008 Vodafone ran several hundred campaigns for global brands. A year later, mobile advertising was devoted to 18 operating markets. This potential market will be a major growth area for telecom players. Threats Legal Risks Vodafones groups revenue comes from emerging or developing countries since they have majority of its customers in such markets. In emerging markets however, political, regulatory, economic and legal systems are less predictable. This environment makes Vodafones investments vulnerable and any legal developments are beyond the control of the group. There is also the likelihood of not having achieved any returns in these markets. Increasing Competition The exponential growth of new customers has been due to increased competition. The fierce competition has also led to declines in tariffs for mobile services and is expected to decrease further thereby causing drop in revenue. Competition has also led increase in subsidies for handsets. Licensing is also another concern that the telecom industry faces which may also lead to competition. Delayed Technology One of the hallmarks of Vodafones success has been the innovative technologies which are provided by vendors. The group makes significant expenditure towards setting up new infrastructure for improved communications. These technologies however, do not guarantee that the common standards of specification will be achieved. The technologies are developed according to anticipated schedules that will perform to the expectations of the vendor or their commercial importance. The poor performance from any vendor could result in additional expenditure or reduced profitability. Adverse Macroeconomic conditions Poor economic conditions may lead to reduced spending by customers. They may purchase lower priced products and services from a competitor. Externalities like recession or global economic deterioration will only delay the purchasing necessity of the customer. Adverse macroeconomic conditions will only affect Vodafones sales income. References http://www.vodafone.com/static/annual_report10/business/customers.html http://zprcnet.wwwwang.com/content/20103/1080835.shtml http://www.vodafone.com/start/investor_relations/vodafone_at_a_glance0.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone http://lawyers-law.com/indian-court-upholds-big-tax-bill-against-vodafone/ Jobber, D. (2007) 5th edn. Principles and Practice of Marketing. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education

Drug Dealer :: essays papers

Drug Dealer Street Pharmaceutical Distributor â€Å"Yes I’ve known of police officers who sell drugs,† Cain says in response to the question. â€Å"They are worst than I am because they are supposed to uphold the law!† There are many types of drug dealers, from the behind the scenes Caucasian white collar and government criminals, to the overexposed black street corner thug. The early twenties, corn-roll braided male, that I will call Cain, was at ease as we sat in his newly purchased home. Besides what most people think, the majority of drug dealers do work. Lower scale drug dealers that is. Cain explained that selling drugs is not something he wanted to do, but a lack of necessities and opportunity led him to that path. â€Å"Television influence and poor guidance â€Å" didn’t help either he added. â€Å"Do you know of career drug dealers and do you plan on becoming one?†; he nodded and said yes to both questions. After confirming that he knows no one that has been dealing for at least five years and have never been incarcerated, I asked does he feel he will be an exception. â€Å"No, but I don’t care about the future, just now.† I normally would have felt this was ludicrous, but understanding the mind set of a mentally dead individual, I comprehended it all to well. Cain admitted that he feels remorse for the destruction that drugs cause, but that he also feels his drug dealing is necessary for now. â€Å"Do you have to deal violently or aggressively with individuals often?† I asked. â€Å"Sometimes, but after respect for you is established, it’s usually not necessary,† he responded. He explained that he knew of at least seven people who had lost their lives because of a drug related incident, but even more that were incarcerated. â€Å"Does the United States government play a role in drug distribution?† â€Å"Certainly! I may have purchased drugs from government officials, you never know who your actually dealing with, but I know of dealers who purchase their drugs from the Feds.† â€Å"Who do you consider the major drug dealers to be?† â€Å"The U.S. government, and the C.I.A.† We discussed briefly the recent discovery of the C.I.A. dealing drug in South Central L.A., and then using the money to fund the CONTRA war.

Computers and Health :: Technology Papers

For my I-Search topic I chose to research health related issues due to increased computer usage both in the work and home settings. Computer technology is becoming commonplace in the work field. As a teacher, I use the computer to present topics to my students, enter grades, send email to co-workers and parents, and to post homework assignments on the Internet. Ten years ago, teachers and other professionals used computers on a limited basis. I became interested in the side effects caused by prolonged usage of computers since several family members complain of wrist soreness as well as eyestrain due to the effects of monitor radiation. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the first term that comes to mind when thinking of problems that people experience with computer use regarding their hands. Based on my limited knowledge of this topic, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome occurs due to a persons prolonged usage of a computer keyboard. Problems of this sort occur more often due to poor ergonomics and posture. Computer office furniture that does not allow one to adjust the height of the chair or keyboard, so that the arms form a write angle at the elbow, cause strain on the wrist, which may result in carpal tunnel syndrome. People who use computers for long periods of time without giving themselves a break and flexing their wrist have a higher propensity of developing problems. Monitor radiation has been discussed throughout computer journals for years. I have learned that different monitors have higher or lower radiation levels. Monitors made overseas are generally considered to have a lower radiation level than those built in the United States. For example, as an engineer the Management Information Services (MIS) unit told us that NEC monitors had much lower radiation levels than IBM monitors. After sitting at a computer during my eleven-year career as a Civil Engineer with the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, I often found that headaches at the end of the day were common. My eyes felt strained due to the looking at a monitor for an extended period of time. Over the years as an engineer I bought various types of glare screens for my computer monitor. Even though I doubt the glare screens help with the reduction of radiation given off by the monitors, they do seem to help with eyestrain. Throughout this paper, I hope to discover ways to minimize or prevent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and the negative effects of monitor radiation on ones health.

Abuse of Power in Julius Caesar :: Julius Caesar Essays

Abuse of Power in Julius Caesar Julius Caesar was written in 1599 in England by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare has born in 1564 and died in 1616. Nobody really knows when exactly he was born but for the records it is assumed that he was born in April, creating an interesting coincidence with his death. He is the greatest writer of his century and probably of the modern era. He influenced many contemporary writers and created a new point of view in the poetry. He wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets. In his work Julius Caesar Shakespeare shows us the change of power in Rome and the problems that Rome had there. Power is the ability to act with force. Shakespeare makes visible the abuse of power and the struggle to gain power in the biggest empire at the time. Shakespeare also shows that the power itself is more than a name or position. It is something that the people exercise. There is not absolute power, every power has limitations. Besides the servants every character in some way has his power. Although th e biggest argument in Julius Caesar is the change of power in the rulers of Rome, Shakespeare tries to show us many different kinds of power and the use of it. As we can see during the play, people with power use power just for their convenience. During the first part of the play, Shakespeare introduces the characters and the situations. He makes us notice how powerful everyone is. Throughout the different meetings and the dialogues we can feel the power of the personalities of some characters, which in the nearly future is going to make a difference. The rulers of Rome have so much power that they can control the freedom of the people as we can see when Caesar gave an order to Antony. "I shall remember. When Caesar says do this, it is performed" (1.2.12-13). Although this abuse of power made the conspirators act against him, Caesar did not have absolute power and in some situations Calpurnia, his wife, had control in him "The cause is in my will. I will not come. / That is enough to satisfy the senate.

Miss Representation Essay

In the documentary film, â€Å"Miss Representation,† produced by Jennifer Siebel Newsom, 2011, it shows that how the women who are living in the United States are defined by mass media. Image of Women are displaying on a mass media as sex symbol or aid role for the male although women’s life is getting better than before. Moreover, advertisements such as cosmetic and fashion have forced to women severe diet indirectly. Therefore, the documentary film â€Å"Miss Representation† want to not only achieve enhance of women’s role in society but also recover women’s rights through the movie. Actually, I was impressive to women who were arguing in the film because it is different from Asian women who demand their right act. I know that all women did not doing but in Asia, many women demand the women’s right without their effort. Unfortunately, most Asian men are working for aid to women’s satisfaction. For example, men must have own house for marriage and they usually pay for an expensive gift for women’s decoration or anniversary. Many women do not investment for their future; they rely on male just for their convenience. Therefore, many conservative female in Japan do not like this atmosphere which accepted enforcing of women’s right. Moreover, desire of women’s beauty has caused inaccurately advertisement. Many women consume their popularity. In contrast, men do not buy useless cosmetic for their masculine. When the documentary film was finished, I agree that fairness of sexes have to equal. But I do not agree with exaggerated requirement. If men have to pay all things for women, is that valuable to requirement of women? I think their requirements should be acceptable when they have qualification for women’s rights. Of course Men should considerate for women, but women also should not act excessively for their objective.