Customer Service and Class Discussion

MAR1011 WK8 HOMWRK Class Discussion (30 points) This week's discussion focuses retail distribution strategies. You will have the opportunity to analyze traditional and non-traditional retail strategies. Please respond to the following prompt in the class discussion section of your online course: 1. How would you classify Wal-Mart in terms of position on the wheel of retailing versus that of an off-price retailer? Individual Work (35 points) The following assignment allows you to analyze the Mall of America.You will have the opportunity to develop strategies designed to assist the Mall of America in acquiring new customers. Please read the â€Å"Mall of America Shopping and a Whole Lot More† case study (pages 313-315). After reading the case, please answer the following questions: 1. Why has the Mall of America been such a marketing success so far? 2. What specific marketing actions would you propose that Mall of America managers take to ensure its continuing success in attract ing visitors (a) from the local metropolitan area and (b) from outside it? 3. Your assignment should be at least 1-2 pages in length.Quiz (40 points) This quiz will consist of questions taken from Chapters 12-13. The quiz will contain 20 multiple choice and/or True or False questions. This quiz covers the following material: †¢In Marketing: The Core read: oChapter 12, â€Å"Managing Marketing Channels and Supply Chains,† pages 271-294. oChapter 13, â€Å"Retailing and Wholesaling,† pages 295-316. MAR2305-14 Class Discussion (35 points) It is important to understand the sources of customer satisfaction in order to address the issue effectively. Lucas provides strategies to identify communication breakdowns.Please review Chapter 7 in Customer Service Skills for Success, and discuss all the following questions: †¢What is your definition of a dissatisfied customer? †¢What are the sources of customer dissatisfaction? †¢What can service providers do to pr event and deal with dissatisfied customers? Individual Work (40 points) Service breakdowns can occur unexpectedly and need to be handled promptly. Complete the â€Å"Handling Service Breakdown at AAA Landscaping† case study on page 248 of your textbook. Please answer questions 1-4. Each answer should be a minimum of one paragraph. The total minimum document length should be 300 words.

COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM Essay

Systems techniques are tools used in the analysis, design, and documentation of system and subsystem relationships. They are largely graphical (pictorial) in nature.  Systems techniques are used by accountants who do systems work. Documentation includes the following types of tools: Narratives (written descriptions) Flowcharts Diagrams Other written material For this subject, we only need to discuss two (2) of the most common documentation tools: Data flow diagrams Graphical descriptions of the sources and destinations of data. They show: Where data comes from How it flows The processes performed on it Where it goes Include three types: Document flowcharts describe the flow of documents and information between departments or units. System flowcharts describe the relationship between inputs, processing, and outputs for a system. Program flowcharts describe the sequence of logical operations performed in a computer program DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS A data flow diagram (DFD) graphically describes the flow of data within an organization. It is used to: Document existing systems Plan and design new systems There is no black-and-white approach to developing a DFD. Data sources and destinations Appear as squares Represent organizations or individuals that send or receive data used or produced by the system An item can be both a source and a destination Data flows Appear as arrows Represent the flow of data between sources and destinations, processes, and data stores As you probably surmised(GUESS) from the previous slides, if a data flow is two-way, use a bi-directional arrow.If two data elements flow together, then the use of one data flow line is appropriate.

Theories, Practices, and Ethics of Leadership Assignment - 1

Theories, Practices, and Ethics of Leadership - Assignment Example 2. Some of the behavioural patterns, characteristics and shadows which fuel evil include our own individual insecurities. These insecurities are normally caused by the ignorance of our cultures and the cultures of other people. These insecurities may also be due to lifestyles, whereby people engage in evil activities in order to live in a certain way. The human need for respect and recognition may also push some people to be insecure and thus engage in evil activities to satisfy these needs. Insecurities may also be caused by low esteem. Some people normally do evil things in order to feel satisfied and boost their self-esteem. The need for power and strength also fuels evil. This may come in the form of oppression and suppression on the basis of race, religion, financial power, political affiliation, gender and job opportunities. For example, one might result in the oppression of a minority race in order to strengthen himself politically or financially. Acts of deceit and defensiveness may also fuel evil. The evil that may stem from deceit or defensiveness includes refusal to listen to feedback or other people’s views, anger, pessimism and blaming others for things they are not responsible for (Baumeister, 2001). 3. a) Dreadful pleasure: this is when someone knowingly and enjoyably inflicts pain or suffering on another person in order to hide one’s fear. For example, one might have a fear of being vulnerable, so he does things to make other people live in fear. b) Deception: this is when one becomes absorbed with himself and makes himself look like he is without any faults. These self-righteous people are very conscious of their personal appearances and will attack anyone who discovers their dark side. For example, one might pretend to be God-fearing and holy, but deep inside he is not as righteous as he wants to look. He may pretend to do good things when in the company of other people but turn to evil deeds when no one is watching.  

Morality in Henry Fielding's Tom Jones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Morality in Henry Fielding's Tom Jones - Essay Example In â€Å"Tom Jones†, the entire story shows that Tom lacked the capacity to show prudence and this led to his constant failures and downfalls. His inability to be prudent made Tom vulnerable to his enemies and the adversaries took advantage of his imprudence to cause harm to him (Hipchen, 17). Tom’s imprudence also gave his antagonists the opportunity to drive away Sophia, his beloved one and chances are that she would have been driven away for eternity. This is despite the fact that Tom possessed some virtues such as generosity, kindness, loyalty, brevity, and good-heartedness. A clear manifestation of the lack of prudence in Tom is shown in the behavior that he displays with women. Notwithstanding the love that he has for Sophia, Tom is often falling into a number of dalliances with women rather taken to be unsavory. The relationships that he involves himself in happens to be hurting Sophia but this does not put an end to his escapades (Hipchen, 16). They are equally counterproductive since their disadvantages far much outweigh the advantages. This potentially makes Tom Jones a character that lacks the much-celebrated virtue of prudence. The imprudence of Tom poses various challenges that Tom and Sophia have to deal with. Temptations are advanced to Tom Jones and he completely fails to resist any of them. Molly Seagrim seduced Tom and although it took him approximately three months to fall for the same, he nevertheless failed in this part (Fielding and Sheridan, 74).

Critical Analysis of BMJ article on systemic review of the literature Essay

Critical Analysis of BMJ article on systemic review of the literature - Essay Example The investigator followed the logical sequence and could comment on the work already done in the area. He was able to discuss on the gaps in the literature. Though the investigator described the methodology used and completed the study following literature review but the methodology used was not as suggested for this purpose while presenting rationale for this research. The investigator critiqued that the previous reviews were either narrative or quasi-experimental design and could not assess the effectiveness of the isolation measures therefore, he proposed a better review for valid inferences. The best methodology for this purpose is meta-analysis which has been described by Glass as "Meta-analysis refers to the analysis of analyses...the statistical analysis of a large collection of analysis results from individual studies for the purpose of integrating the findings." Although this research was carried out through a literature review process but in individual studies the investigator focused on the experiences of the patients; their stay in the hospital, course of disease and any other accompanying feature. The methodology and processes used in the analysis of the data were very well narrated and elaborated by the investigator, which reflects the grasp of the investigator on the subject area. He remained unbiased in the analysis of the literature review as he gave full attention to the errors and the issue of bias involved in these studies at individual level. 8. Credibility: The evidence of the ownership of the participants in the research could not be explored and validated. An explicit expression regarding this finding was not found. 9. Audability: The investigator has been successful in keeping the reader with him. He has been able to keep the interest of the reader alive. Although the review is difficult than meta-analysis to follow because the latter has got more scientific components involved especially at the level of analysis which uses some statistically methodology and this way makes the process simpler one. 10. Fittingness: Yes, findings of the study are generalizable. Out of the final 46 studies, 32 were with the findings, which were similar to the measures taken for MRSA reduction anywhere. Eighteen of these were weak as far as methodology or interpretation of the results was concerned while six were the strongest which were longer time series studies. This way methodology was the central point that contributed much in the strength of any study to be ranked high for more reliable results and generalizability. 11. Confirmability: Yes, the findings of the study convey the whole message as far as the experience of different players involved, the ownership, the understanding of the reader and application of the research findings. Even though the methodology was not strong for the subject (literature review vs. meta-analysis) but the investigator

The elasticity of demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The elasticity of demand - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the sensitivity of demand of a product with respect to changes in its own price is identified as the own price elasticity of demand. To state this alternatively, own price elasticity of demand is defined as the percentage change in demand per percentage change in the price of the product, other things remaining the same. Therefore, the own price elasticity of demand is expressed as the ratio of percentage change in demand and the percentage change in the price of the good in question. So, own price elasticity of demand for the good X with a per unit price PX shall be given by the expression: EPx = (percentage change in quantity demanded of X)/ (percentage change in PX). This can be calculated as either at a movement from a point on the demand curve to another, which is known as arc elasticity or as the limiting value of arc elasticity known as point elasticity of demand. However for changes assumed to be infinitesimally small, so that the movement is not perceptible and it is as if the consumer stays on the same point on the demand curve almost, we use the limiting value of arc elasticity of demand, known as point elasticity of demand. Since for all normal goods quantity demanded varies inversely with price, own price elasticity is always negative, though the extent to which demand varies inversely is not the same for all goods.

Technical Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Technical Writing - Essay Example It is threaded to attach to the housing and has a  ¼Ã¢â‚¬  hole in its center to slide over the shaft. A 1/8 inch hole in the side of the cap allows air to enter the housing. The toe plate, fitted to the barrel, allows the user to stand on it while operating the pump. The plunger consists of a rod, handle, and diaphragm. The rod is  ¼Ã¢â‚¬  x 16  ½Ã¢â‚¬  long and threaded at both ends. It has a 6† wooden handle, threaded onto its top. The diaphragm, a leather washer, is secured to the lower end of the rod by two  ¼Ã¢â‚¬  nuts on either side. The 18† hose screws into the barrel housing. The locking clamp nozzle is inserted into the hose end and is secured with a 1/8† metal band. The thumb chuck facilitates quick release for regular and high-pressure use. The user can clamp the hose nozzle onto the filler stem of the utility to be inflated, stand on the toe plate, and pump the plunger. If the item to be inflated is a ball or raft, the operator has to first insert the filler needle into the nozzle clamp, moisten the needle and insert it into the navel of the ball or raft. Then, standing on the toe plate, he or she can pump the plunger up and

The Social Impacts of Tourism in Singapore Essay

The Social Impacts of Tourism in Singapore - Essay Example By thoroughly addressing and discussing all of these issues as well as any and all other key and related matters, we will be able to come to a much more informed and knowledgeable understanding on the subject matter at hand overall. This is what will be dissertated in the following. The history of Singapore in fact goes back as far as the 3rd Century, when a Chinese account was known to have described the island at the tip of the Malay Peninsula. Singapore is an incredibly cosmopolitan society in which people live harmoniously and where interaction among the different races is commonly seen. As well in Singapore, food is constantly readily and available, and there are many different cuisines that are available to the general population. There is "Chinese, Indian, Malay, Indonesian and Western, Italian, Peranakan, Spanish, French, Thai and even Fusion. It is very common to savor other culture's food and some of the food can be very intriguing" (Singapore, 2007). The cuisine of Singapore is often times viewed as a prime example of the ethnic diversity of the culture of Singapore overall, and for example, "traditionally Malay hawker stalls selling halal food may serve halal versions of traditionally Tamil or Chinese food. Chinese stalls may introduce Malay or Indi an ingredients, cooking techniques or entire dishes into their range of catering. Some dishes introduce elements from all three cultures, while others incorporate influences from the rest of Asia and the West" (Wikipedia, 2007). Overall then, food in itself has really been quite heavily promoted as a major attraction for tourists, and as well it is usually promoted by that of various different initiatives undertaken by the Singapore Tourism Board or the other associations that it deals with, for that matter. Overall, "The multiculturalism of local food, the ready availability of international cuisine, and their wide range in prices to fit all budgets at all times of the day and year helps create a 'food paradise' to rival other contenders claiming the same moniker" (Wikipedia, 2007). Religion is also an incredibly integral part of Singapore, and for the most part, Singaporeans celebrate all of the major festivals that are associated with their retrospective religions. Religious tolerance is also incredibly essential in Singapore, and because of the racial tolerance that is considered normal and natural throughout the area of Singapore, there are few to no racial disputes, or disputes of any other kind for that matter, as the violence rate in Singapore is incredibly low. All of these factors add up to a very high tourism rate in Singapore, and although tourism is good for any location, as it increases revenue and status for the locale, there are still potential and viable implications that can occur from an overflow of tourism. One of the most important factors of all here as well is that of the residents' responses, and whether they are negative or positive, they are still equally as crucial to the overall impacts that tourism causes. Tourism in Singapore is an incredibly major industry, and millions of

Organizational Change and Development Assignment

Organizational Change and Development - Assignment Example This discussion identifies three perspectives, people, approach and method of change implementation at the broader level that impact change management process.  Greek philosopher, Heraclitus, is known to be the first person who touched upon the ‘changing’ nature of the world, in his words, â€Å"you never step into the same river twice,† (Cameron & Green, p.10) and â€Å"all is in flux† (Stetson & Conti, p.29). This concept is equally apt to the world of business with increasing competition, meeting customers’ expectations, and finding new opportunities for growth in business, career and sustaining the competitive edge in the changing markets (McGrath & MacMillan, 2005). Organizations will have to embrace these challenges in order to sustain in the competitive world. In order to achieve their goals, while catering to the changing demands of the industry, organizations adopt strategic changes, appropriate for achieving every single objective. These strategic changes are meant to bring about radical or transformational change to the established ways of working from both organizational and employee perspectives. Nevertheless, bringing about change at the workplace, whether structural, procedural, technological or financial, in order to improve the situation or for better business results entails more efforts than planning the change and its implementation.   The forces that cause organizations to opt for radical transformations could be external such as technological advancements, government regulations, increasing competitiveness, and/or changing demands; and internal such as organizational bureaucracy and complacency.   Usually, implementing change is impacted by factors such as time and investment required; the impact of change on the financial performance of the business; return on investment; an intensity of improvement; and importantly, its impact on the end customers.   At an organizational level, planning for the c hange and change management as a responsibility rests with, or is the function of, specific project management team or division, but its implementation at an organizational level requires the involvement of various, or all, other functions/departments failing which the proposed change itself may fail.   This failure can be disastrous for the organization or business and/or to the people associated with the change and the organization, which includes all stakeholders, i.e. employees, customers, and all shareholders. Therefore, bringing about a change should equally be balanced by the way change is being managed in order to succeed.   Michael Dell believes that companies that learn to manage change are in the best position to continue to take the risks needed to stay out in front (cited Matejka & Murphy, 2005; p.19).

Roll of Thunder Essay Example for Free

Roll of Thunder Essay Obviously the store-owner was used to not only treating blacks in this way, but in them putting up with it. However, Cassie was a high spirited young lady who, as yet, was not weighed down by the yoke of racism. The word recoiled also hints at what is to come; for it is Mr Barnett whose store is to be raided by T. J. and the Simms brother at the climax of the novel. While Cassie strives to elucidate the situation, Barnett is infuriated and shrieks whose little nigger is this! Cassie was angry and humiliated as everyone in the store turned and stared at her. Stacey appeared and held her hand. Cassie was thrilled to see her brother by her side, although when she yearned for help Stacey did not respond. Mr Barnett informed him to make sure she dont come back till yo mammy teach her what she is. He wanted Cassie to realize that she and other black people are second-class citizens; consequently deems that he has the power to treat them as he desires. Cassie was exasperated at the way Mr Barnett treats them in his store. The racial injustice makes her furious and she finds it difficult to control her tongue. Stacey angrily rushes outside with Cassie and orders her to shut up. He then crosses the street still irate to Cassies foolish act. While Cassie tries to figure out why Mr Barnett acted the way he did, she stumbles into Lillian Jean, Jeremys big sister. She tells her to apologize but Cassie exclaims that Lillian Jean had bumped into her. Subsequently, Cassie could not bother to have a quarrel with her as she had other things on her mind, so she says sorry. Lillian Jean doesnt find it adequate; she tells her to get down in the road then says maybe that way you wont be bumping into decent white folks with your little nasty self. This statement to Cassie discriminates and shows her how disgusting white racists the Simmss really are. Lillian Jeans father arrives, grabs Cassie by the arm and throws her into the middle of the street. He forces her to make an apology, but Cassie sprints directly for the wagon. Unexpectedly, Big Ma appears and stops her. She wrathfully urges her to apologize to Lillian Jean. Cassie was disorientated to why Big Ma didnt support her when she was in need for her help. Big Ma has a more complicated way of dealing with racism. However, she is an old woman and she had little choice. If Big Ma were to refuse, she knew that they would have to face the consequences, therefore she forced Cassie to act contritely. Crushed and heartbroken, she apologizes to Lillian Jean. Then turns round and runs into the back of the wagon. A day that began full of expectations went from bad to worse. Cassies silence on the return journey home is a reflection of the hurt and humiliation she had suffered. Cassies first real taste of racism had totally subdued this normally impulsive and lively nine-year-old. Cassie is an enthusiastic girl trapped in an inhumane and disgraceful racial system. Along with her brothers, Cassie is learning the hard way about racism prevalent in the deep south of the United States at that time. She cannot comprehend as to why people of her skin colour have to back down in the face of whites, even when they have done nothing wrong. This is even more incomprehensible as Big Ma is a very strong character who Cassie admires greatly. Apologising to Lillian Jean is mortification that the headstrong Cassie finds almost impossible to bear. She is not the sort of girl to forget what has happened and later in the novel, it is no surprise that she is able to avenge her current humiliation. There is a certain amount of irony in the name Strawberry which for Cassie left rather a bitter taste in the mouth. She has learnt from hard experience that things arent always what they seem. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mildred Taylor section.

Leadership competencies and attitudes for success in globalization

Leadership competencies and attitudes for success in globalization Understanding of international interaction is essential for transnational organizations to work effectively in todays global business environment. The level of this understanding is related to possession of international competencies within an organization (Gupta and Govindarajan, 2002). Although the need to develop leaders with adequate competencies has become obvious in recent years (Adler and Bartholomew,1992; Brake et al., 1995; Brake, 1997; Morrison, 2000; This source has not been included in the reference list Bonnstetter, 1999; Suutari, 2002), there is still a significant gap between the international human resource requirements of global strategies and their realization (Adler and Bartholomew, 1992; Engle et al., 2001, Morrison et al., 1999). The process of identifying core competencies usually entails having employees identify core competencies by scanning and assessing company-critical resources, capabilities, and competencies three factors commonly referred to as associated concepts. In the identification process these concepts often become conceptually and empirically merged, something that occurs in strategic management research too, when these associated concepts are defined interchangeably. For example, capabilities and competencies are defined interchangeably by Spanos and Prastacos (2004). Furthermore, diversity and complexity increase in a domestic working environment as business operations become more international. The dynamics, complexity and diversity now characteristic of global environment are diffusing into the domestic environment (Gregersen et al., 1998; Harvey and Buckley, 2002) making increasing demands on management and leadership competencies at all organizational levels. Therefore, increasing under standing of different aspects of globalization and interrelationships of various factors and their changes will help organizations to meet the new challenges brought by globalization, whether their primary operation environment is domestic, international or global. Employees need to learn about culture and cross-cultural communication if they are to work effectively with minorities within their own society or with foreigners encountered at home or abroad (Harris and Moran, 1987, p. 56). The development of global competencies should be based on the global business strategy which determines what kind of global presence is desirable, how many and what types of international or global jobs, projects, task forces, and other types of interactions exist (McCall and Hollenbeck, 2002). Competency development process should start from an analysis of the dynamics of the global business environment and the core competencies, continuing to identifying the profiles of necessary human resources and ending with identification of necessary competencies for specific jobs/functions. Once the specific leader competencies have been identified, the next step is to build bench strength effectively (Brake, 1997; Gregersen et al., 1998). The other assumption is that global leaders have just developed their (general) competencies into a higher (global) level. Bartlett and Ghoshal (1992), and Baruch (2002) argue that there is no such thing as a global manager, or any universal criteria for gl obal managers. Instead, Bartlett and Ghoshal see global management as being a task of a network of specialists including business managers, country managers and functional managers.Yet, they suggest that the top executives are the leaders who manage the complex interactions between the three types of managers, and they must understand the strategic importance of each specialist. The majority of the research on international assignments and positions has been research about expatriates. Some authors have stated explicitly their focus being on global managers/leaders and yet, discuss issues related to the target country such as cultural distance. However, a global leader (or manager) is not necessarily an expatriate, and vice versa. The value of an expatriate assignment as a major developmental experience for those pursuing global career is widely acknowledged. Therefore, and because of scarcity of pure global leadership literature, expatriate literature as well as general leadership literature is relevant also when studying global leaders. Overall, the previous research on global leadership competencies has been dispersed and more synergistic research is needed, together with a more comprehensive theoretical framework, to understand the processes and interactions underlying the development of a global leadership potential (Tiina, 2004). This paper attempts to take a step towards such framework, Secondary data was collected based on the finding of published papers, articles and books perior studeis , the world wide web , existing global leadership and other related literature, these data was reviewd and disscussed to combine findings and suggestions provided in previous literature in a more integrative framework of global leadership competencies and attitudes. The structure of the paper is as follows; The terminology used in the international/global leadership ,literature is reviewed and discussed first and the more integrated framework was described in the chapters that followed. The results identefied 12 competanceie as an assessment and intepret tools to provide an opportunity for experts to reflect on the structure of their company or organisation and to rate the CEO, corporate staff, subsidiary general manager and staff, as well as all employees in general. then indicated whether the competency is essential, use ful or not necessary for the CEO, corporate staff, subsidiary general manager and staff, and all employees, in order for the transformational goal to be realised and to make globalisation work. Litreture review The main outcomes of previous research Recent research supports the idea that there are a limited number of key competencies, over and above the contextual ones, that predict successful behavior in a global environment (Jordan and Cartwright, 1998; Gregersen et al., 1998). As was already mentioned earlier, most of the previous research regarding international competencies has been done on and among expatriates, but much of this research is also relevant when studying global leaders. Harris and Moran (1987, pp. 226-227) review of earlier literature produced nearly 70 dimensions of overseas success of which 21 are given priority as being more important for foreign employment. However, this listing focuses on filling specific expatriate positions, including many practical and contextual items such as adaptability of spouse, promotability, interest in host culture etc. Harris and Moran (1987) focus on cross-cultural interaction and suggest that the main outcomes of cross-cultural training can also be used as selecting criteri a for overseas service. These are empathy, openness, persistence, sensitivity to intercultural factors, respect for others, role flexibility, tolerance of ambiguity, and a two-way communication skill. Srinivas (1995) defines eight components of global mindset which form the base for competencies needed to meet the challenges organizations/individuals face especially when entering a global environment. The components are: curiosity and concern with context, acceptance of complexity and its contradictions, diversity consciousness and sensitivity, seeking opportunity in surprises and uncertainties, faith in organizational processes, focus on continual improvement, extended time perspective, and systems thinking. Rhinesmith (1996) has identified six characteristics of global mindset that lead to global competencies. These are: bigger, broader picture (leading to managing competitiveness), balancing contradictory demands and needs (managing complexity), trust in networked processes, rather than in hierarchical s tructures (managing adaptability), valuing multicultural teamwork and diversity (managing teams), flow with change/seeing change as opportunity (managing uncertainty), and expanding knowledge and skills, being open to surprises (managing learning). In the same line, Rosen (2000) maintains that globally literate leaders possess four global literacies. These include personal, social, business, and cultural literacy. Jordan and Cartwright (1998) maintain that the key to international success lies in a mixture of personality characteristics and managerial competencies. Managerial competencies include relational abilities, cultural sensitivity, linguistic ability, and ability to handle stress. Conner (2000) also identifies a number of skills and capabilities needed by leaders working in a global company, organizing them under six headings: business savvy, ability to use personal influence, global perspective, strong character, ability to motivate people, and entrepreneurial behavior. Mumford et al. (2000) have defined five categories of leadership skills for the changing world. In addition to social judgment skills, social skills, and creative problem solving skills leaders need four types of knowledge: knowledge related to task, business, organization and people. Resources and the process of identifying core competencies usually entails having employees core capabilities by scanning and assessing company resources, capabilities, and competencies ,three factors coming referred to as associated concepts .in the identification process these concepts o ften become conceptually and empirically merged, Something that occurs in strategic management research too. For example, capabilities and competencies are defined by Spanos and Prastcos (2004) and capabilities by Peteraf and Bergen (2003) and Ray et al. (2004), and skill, competence. Other scholars, however, have more usefully distinguished these associated concepts (Branzei and Thornhill, 2006; Savory, 2006; Ljungquist, 2008). Were are the first three items? The fifth item is willingness to exercise these skills. Caligiuri and Di Santo (2001) have approached the desired competencies from a company perspective and identified eight desired developmental dimensions for global leadership programs: ability to transact business in another country, ability to change leadership style based on the situation, knowledge of the companys worldwide business structure, knowledge of professional contacts worldwide, knowledge of international business issues, openness, flexibility, and ethnocentri sm (getting away from it). Spreitzer et al. (1997) focused on finding candidates for those leadership programs, individuals possessing global leadership potential. They have identified 14 dimensions or themes underlying success as an international executive, making a clear distinction between the end-state skills and the ability to learn from experience. Jehad (2009) identified that the core competencies had a significant impact on competitive advantage. Goh (2010) examines how to improve the quality of products and services in the age of globalization reviwing the traditional concepts and the six segma framework, ilustrates how paradigram shifts must affect to achieve real gains in quality. The competencies required for globalisation The above disscussions and further review of relavent litreture is indicated (12) organizational and individual competencies required to make globalisation work have been drawn up (Fig.1). These competencies will be described and developed in this and the following three chapters.these competencies are described into the below table as a finding of such review and also in the dissucssions follows. Attitudes Possesses a global mindset Works as an equal with persons of diverse backgrounds Has a long-term orientation Leadership Facilitates organisational -change Creates learning systems Motivates employees to excellence lnteraction Negotiates and approachesb coflicts in a collaborative mode Manages skillfully the foreign deployment cycle Leads and participates effectively in multicultural teams Culture Understands their own cultural values and assumptions Accurately profiles the organizational and national culture of others Avoids culture mistakes and behaves in an appropriate manner in other countries Fig. 1. Twelve organizational and individual competencies (source: developed by the authors) Studies conducted with companies and individuals have demonstrated that organisations and people can successfully change. Self-initiated change (I want to learn this skill) and professionally facilitated change have both been successful. How change occurs is not well understood, and this report is not intended to answer the question of how organisations and individuals change. Our purpose is to identify the competencies and to suggest strategies for acquiring them. Conceptual model of study: Figure 2 below summarises the 12 external environmental factors, leading to globalisation and the 12 organisational or individual competencies required to succeed in globalisation within the organization. External Forces Economies ofscale New and evolving markets Global sourcing Reduced tariffs/ customs barriers and tax advantages Homogeneous technical standards Loweredglobal transportation costs Increased telecommunication options at reduced costs Trend toward homogeneous demand for products Competition from International Competitors Custome stratey changes fromdomestic-only to global Exchange rate exposure Accelerating rate of technological change GLOBAL organizational competencies Vision Strategy Structure Competencies required to make organization work Attitudes à ¢-  Possesses a global mindset Has the ability to work as equals with persons of diverse background Has a long-term orientation Leadership Facilitates organizational change Creates learning systems Motivates employees to excellence Interaction Negotiates and approaches conflicts in a collaborative mode Manages skillfully the foreign deployment cycle Leads and participates effectively in multicultural teams Culture Understands their own culture values and assumptions Accurately profiles organizational culture and national culture of others Avoids cultural mistakes and behaves in a manner that demonstrates knowledge and respect for the way of conducting business in other countries Fig. 2. Globalisation forces and competencies (source: developed by the authors) Competency 1. Process a global mindset Attitudes are learned and therefore can be unlearned. A global mindset is an attitude: it is not knowledge or information. We learn to be ethnocentric, and we can learn to be global in our perspective. Mindsets Mindset is a word that rarely is used in daily conversation. Websters Encyclopedia Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, containing over 250 000 entries, does not list it. A smaller Websters dictionary defines mindset as a fixed mental attitude. (Fishers, 2000) excellent book Mindsets: The Role of Culture and Perception in International Relations demonstrates the importance of possessing a global mindset to succeed in the globalisation process. Individuals working in foreign countries share similar experiences in overseas assignments and must not only meet the requirements of their work assignments, but also be able to adjust to unfamiliar attitudes and psychological predispositions. They must function within the expectations of the host culture. In other words, they must work across contrasting mindsets [which] reflect differences in national experience and culture, according to (Fisher, 2000). To date, no comprehensive studies have been conducted on the ways in which contrasting mindsets affect international business relationships and transactions. The education of most managers has provided only hard business skills, such as engineering, finance and strategic planning. Fisher suggests the necessity of providing global managers with additional training in the social sciences, as it is not sufficient to provide a person only with facts and information about unfamiliar cultural practices. Global mindsets Rhinesmith (1996) correctly postulates that a global mindset is a requirement of a global manager who will guide institutions and organizations into the future. He defines a mindset as: a predisposition to see the world in a particular way that sets boundaries and provides explanations for why things are the way they are, while at the same time establishing guidance for ways in which we should behave. In other words, a mindset is a filter through which we look at the world. Rhinesmith states that people with global mindsets approach the world in a number of particular ways. Specifically they: Look for the big picture; that is, they look for multiple possibilities for any event or occurrence-they arent satisfied with the obvious. Understand that the rapidly changing, interdependent world in which we are living is indeed complex. Are process-oriented; in our experience this is the most important dimension, and the one that is most lacking in individuals who are not globally oriented. Consider diversity as a resource and know how to work effectively in multicultural teams. Are not uncomfortable with change or ambiguity. Are open to new experiences. Ethnocentricity vs geocentricity Contrasted to the individual with global mindset is the one who is ethnocentric. Ethnocentricity is defined by the Random House Dictionary as: Belief in the inherent superiority of ones own group and culture; it may be accompanied by feelings of contempt for those others who do not belong; it tends to look down upon those considered as foreign; it views and measures alien cultures and groups in terms of ones own culture. A framework developed to illustrating ethnocentrism (Fig. 3). Not only individuals, but also organisations can be ethnocentric (This source has not been included in the reference list Stephen Weiss and William G. Stripp; 1993). The ethnocentric organizations tend to use home-country personnel in key positions throughout the world, believing they are more intelligent and capable than foreign managers (Harris and Moran, 2003). Attitudes toward themselves and their groups Attitudes toward others See themselves as virtuous and See their standards of value as universal and intrinsically true See themselves as strong Believe outgroup is inferior superior Believe outgroup is weak Distrust outgroups Fig. 3. Framework of ethnocentrism (source: ) In this case, superiority is not equal to nationality, and all groups can contribute to the organisations effectiveness.The culture shock inventory, was designed to measure individual ethnocentrism, or the degree to which individuals perceived their value system to be appropriate for others. Attitude change With globalisation, contact between persons from different cultures increases. What happens when this occurs? Do individuals become more global or more ethnocentric? Following a review of the literature on intergroup contact, This source has not been included in the reference list Amir concluded that the direction of attitude change, following contact with people who are different, depends largely on the conditions under which the contact has taken place He indicates that there are favorable conditions, which reduce prejudice, and unfavorable ones, which may increase prejudice (Kenneth, 1974). The favorable condition of equal status as a factor in reducing prejudice was reported by This source has not been included in the reference list Allport. He pointed out that, for contact between groups to be an element in reducing prejudice, it must be based on equal status contact between majority and minority groups in the pursuit of common goals. Organisations that are globalising must have common goals Competency 2: Works as an equal with persons from diverse backgrounds This section focuses on working women, since the number of women in the workforce worldwide has dramatically increased since 1950. We are fully aware that diversity in the workforces of many countries is also reflected in a significant increase in the numbers of Third and Fourth World immigrants, the physically challenged, senior citizens and others. Generally, the following workforce trends have been identified (Moran and Harris, 2003): By the year 2000, women will comprise just under 50 per cent of the UK workforce. By the year 2000, non-whites will make up 20 per cent of the UK workforce. Greater numbers of immigrants are coming to the United Stares than at any time since World War 1. A greater portion of the US workforce is middle-aged, and the workforce is gradually getting older. The demographics of the workforce in most countries are changing. This is reflected in the development of seminars and workshops on cultural diversity in the United States and other countries. Five years ago these seminars were unheard of, or else, when conducted, they were under the rubric of affirmative action.* What does the note mean? Competency 3. Has a long-term orientation There are many reasons why companies have not been successful in competing in the global marketplace. One of these reasons is shorttermism. Dick Ferry, the president and co-founder of Korn/Ferry, addresses this issue: Corporate America may talk, on an intellectual level, about what itll take to succeed in the twenty-first century, but when it gets right down to decision making, all that matters is the next quarterly earnings report. Thats whats driving much of the system. With that mind-set, everything else becomes secondary to the ability to deliver the next quarterly earnings push-up. Were on a treadmill. Competency 4. Facilitates organisational change This section will cover two main points: what some academics and business people say about organisational change, and (2) how they recommend managing these changes. We present several perspectives, as it is our belief that no one individual has all the answers, strategies or methods to facilitate change. Competency 5. Creates learning systems This source has not been included in the reference list Peter Senge said it best in his book, The Fifth Discipline: The organizations that will truly excel in the future will be the organisations that discover how to tap peoples commitment and capacity to learn at all levels in an organisation. Competency 6. Motivates employees to excellence The pronoun test: An operative word in UK organisations for the past several years is ,empowerment. Our employees are empowered, says an executive from a different Fortune 500 company, this one thriving in turbulent times. Perhaps an important difference between the two organisations may be determined: For six months now Ive been visiting the workplaces of America, administering a simple test. 1 call it the pronoun test. 1 ask front-line workers a few general questions about the company. If the answers 1 get back describe the company in terms like they, or them, 1 know its one kind of company. If the answers are put in terms like we, or us 1 know its a different kind of company. It doesnt much matter whats said about the company. Even a statement like, they aim for high quality here suggests a workplace that hasnt yet made the leap into true high performance. It isnt yet achieving ever higher levels of quality, productivity and service. Only we companies can do this (Rhinesmith, 1993). Competency 7. Negotiates and approaches conflicts in a collaborative mode The material describing this competency is drawn from many excellent sources but primarily from the managing cultural difference: How to negotiate with japans? Managing cultural synergy and developing the global organization (Black et al., 1999) To make globalisation work, we need to negotiate and approach conflicts collaboratively. Skillful international business negotiators know more than, and behave (act) differently from non-skillful negotiators. Competency 8. Manages skillfully the foreign deployment cycle It has been estimated that American corporations and government spend about $50 billion each year in education and training. The goal is to improve the performance of the individual, thus enhancing the operating performance of a company or the government. jay Duffy, manager, employee development, for a division of a large global company, believes training may be a solution if one of the following four situations exists (Hershock, 1993): 1. A gap exists between the skill level and the current position requirement. 2. The tasks of a present position need to be performed differently. 3. The job has changed or will change. 4. Future positions may require different or additional skills. The gap between job requirements and the skill of the employee was demonstrated in research conducted and reported by Kathleen Miller (Conference Board, 1992) among others. Competency 9. Leads and participates effectively in multicultural teams High performance teams, team work, worldwide global product teams and other words expressing similar ideas are commonplace in the management literature today. Stories of teams producing remarkable accomplishments are well known. Well functioning teams can increase productivity and creativity. However, functioning skillfully on a team is a learned skill. The Conference Board addresses the problem: The CEO must be fully committed to globalisation and must actively and persistently drive the globalisation process. Chief executive commitment is more important than international experience and background. It is essential that the CEO understands the issues (e.g. culture, human resources, empowerment) and translates commitment into actions. Words alone will not drive the process. Second, a core team of managers with an international background must be available in the organization before anything can happen. These managers must bring international culture and international experience to energise the globalisation process (Suutari, 2002). The process of building an international team large enough to permeate the entire organisation is long and arduous. It requires years of training, attention to recruiting, career development, and job rotations through foreign assignments. The role of multicultural teams in the globalisation process is well recognised. Competency 10. Understands their own culture, values and assumptions Know thyself Socrates. Global managers from one country have to work and negotiate with their global counterparts regularly. A common requirement is that they must each be able to communicate effectively and work with individuals who have been socialised in a different cultural environment, and whose customs, values, lifestyles, beliefs, management practices and other important aspects of their personal and professional lives are different. A European executive during a personal conversation said, I cant think of any situation in my 25 years of international experience when international business was made easier because people from more than one country were participating. (Fisher, 2000). A global manager must be aware of the many beliefs and values that underlie his or her own countrys business practices, management techniques and strategies. Competency 11. Accurately profiles the organisational culture and national culture of others Corporate culture is the way of life of an organisation the recent studies of many large organizations, they concluded Corporate culture can have a significant impact on a firms long-term economic performance. Corporate culture will probably be an even more important factor in determining the success or failure of firms in the next decade. Corporate cultures that inhibit strong long-term financial performance are not rare; they develop easily, even in firms that are full of reasonable and intelligent people. Although tough to change, corporate cultures can be made more performance-enhancing (Adler, 1992) Competency 12. Avoids cultural mistakes and behaves in a manner that demonstrates knowledge of and respect for other countries Skillful international managers have learned to see the world differently and to understand the way others manage and do business. This implies that there is no single way of doing anything and that no one culture is perfect or complete in all aspects. Successful communication with other cultures means not judging customs, rituals or ways of doing business as ridiculous, or inferior to ones own. A Swedish executive of a large multinational corporation expressed it this way: We Swedes are so content with the quality of our products and the Swedish way, that we forget that 99 per cent of the rest of the world isnt Swedish. (Pritchett, Pound,1992). Implications The major aim of this paper was to review global leadership competency frameworks suggested in previous literature and to build a more integrative competency framework to be used in future research. Some general issues related to global leadership research were discussed first, and the more integrated framework was described in the chapters that followed. Despite the large number of studies carried out on critical success factors for international (in most cases expatriate) assignments there are only very few based on empirical research, attempting to test the validity of different items and the reliability of different measures. Results from previous studies accumulate into a long list of competencies characterized by only minor semantic differences of a much smaller number of key competencies (see also Jordan and Cartwright, 1998). Practically no longitudinal research has been reported that would validate the relevancy of different competencies defined. As a result, there is little agreement among researchers on the definition of global competence, its antecedents or outcomes. From human resource development perspective, this framework may provide the base for planning international training activities where the fundamental questions to be answered is: in what type of competencies development is needed for, knowledge, skills and abilities, or other characteristics? Competencies have been defined with terms describing certain personal traits, behaviors, skills, values, and knowledge, and many existing frameworks are combinations of these. In existing research, different types of dimensions have often been mixed and treated as equals. A certain trait in one framework is replaced with corresponding behavior in another. Generally, selection of relevant competencies has generated much argument since the relevance of competencies is commonly seen to vary with the task and organization involved McBeath (1990), Baruch (2002), Evans et al. (1989). In this paper global leadership competencies are seen as those universal qualities that enable indi

The Cloning Dilemma :: Science Genetics Essays

The Cloning Dilemma Cloning is one of the most widely talked about topics in this world. It is one topic that evokes a great public response worldwide. The defenders of cloning believe that cloning and genetic engineering will be the answer to most of the diseases in the future. On the other hand, the people against cloning view it as ‘ playing God ’. Cloning is unethical because people will lose their identities if their clones come into this world. We are taking nature into our own hands by cloning animals or humans. Cloning is the process of creating a cell, tissue line or even a complete organism from a single cell. The concept of cloning was introduced in 1903, and plants were the first living organisms to be cloned. Other examples of clones are trees sending up runners, worms dividing into smaller worms, populations of genetically identical bacteria and cells dividing into tissue. The word clone actually comes from the Greek root for â€Å" twig † ( klon ). Human cloning is a prospect no longer left to the fantastic realm of science fiction novels; rather it is a modern possibility. In 1997, embryologists in Scotland cloned the first mammal, a sheep named Dolly. Shortly thereafter, scientists in the United States cloned a set of monkeys. There are many advantages and disadvantages of cloning and a lot of ethical issues related to it. The entire realm of biotechnology is fraught with dangers and problems that require careful study and democratic debate of key ethical issues. In an era where everything depends on technology and where life can be created and redesigned in a Petri dish and genetic codes can be edited like a digital text, the distinction between ‘ natural ’ and ‘ artificial ’ have become very complex. The defenders of biotechnology extol its potential to increase food production and quality and to cure diseases and prolong human life. Its critics, on the other hand, claim that genetic engineering of food would produce â€Å" Frankenfoods † (Best and Kellner 440) that would pollute

E-Journals--Inside and Out :: E-Publishing

E-Journals--Inside and Out SDI stands for the Selective Dissemination of Information in the field of Library and Information Science. The editor of this column on E-Journals has been a practicing academic reference librarian since 1983. Lynn C. Westney is an Associate Professor and a Reference Librarian at the University of Illinois at Chicago. In this column she selectively disseminates international information on the contents of freely accessible (no subscription required), e-journals, e-newsletters, and other e-publications. On occasion, relevant Web sites are included. The Journal of the Association for History and Computing, JAHC, has as its focus the applications of computer and other electronic technologies into the historical profession which is interdisciplinary in several areas. The applications of new technologies, particularly within academe, have been the focus of research by scholars in many disciplines, especially in all aspects of education, history, library and information science, and philosophy. These applications are interdisciplinary rather than discipline-specific. Historians must be open and receptive to the ideas presented in other journals and in other fields. Thus, an additional purpose of this column is to present to the readers of JAHC, the issues, controversies, and trends which are impacting interdisciplinary research within history and computing and allied disciplines as evidenced within current electronic publications. Professor Westney brings to our attention a diversity of global e-publications of interest to historians and scholars from other disciplines by providing a brief descriptive and evaluative annotation of each publication she has chosen for inclusion. Through highlighting individual articles this effort serves as an introductory vehicle for the selective dissemination of information for the members of AAHC, JAHC, and others who visit our Web site. Commentary and queries concerning this column should be addressed to: lynnhatt@uic.edu E-Journals and Electronic Publications Entries are listed in alphabetical order by e-title. PART I: SPECIAL FEATURE: ELECTRONIC RESOURCES FROM AND ABOUT IRELAND ARCHway http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/ARCHway.html The archaeology journal holdings of over 20 UK university, museum, and private libraries have been united to create one searchable resource. To search across the entire resource, click on the journal locator button. To browse the A-Z list of over 2,000 titles, click on the A-Z list button. Citations to articles and abstracts are provided free of charge, although full-text of the articles is not provided. Australian Law Librarian http://www.allg.asn.au/current_all.htm#current_issue Vol. 12, No. 3, â€Å"Rejoyce Dublin 2004: Revived Copyrights and Public Exhibitions,† by Matthew Rimmer. This article considers the impact of the copyright term extension upon public exhibitions in libraries and cultural institutions focusing upon the legal action taken by the Joyce Estate to prevent the staging of â€Å"Rejoyce Dublin 2004:, a festival celebrating the centenary of Bloomsday.

Essay on Identity in Huckleberry Finn -- Adventures Huckleberry Huck F

The Development of Identity in Huckleberry Finn In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry , by Mark Twain, the main character enters into a transitional period of his life. This character, Huck Finn, faces many situations in which he is forced to deal with decisions that foster with in them the ability to bring about change. Since transition is the process of entering change, Huck is searching for an identity which is truly his own. In determining his self image, Huck deals with conformity and freedom, trying on different identities that do not belong to him, and enveloping and shaping these new found attributes into an identity which best suits his "deformed conscience." The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn begins with Huck under the care of Widow Douglas. Since Huck is so used to being unencumbered, "He sees the widow Douglas' protection solely in terms of confinement"(WHIT 156). This is unacceptable to Huck because he, "loses his freedom amid 'the bars and shackles of civilization"(WHIT 156). According to Susan Harris, "the sensory world exists beyond the narrow conventions of the human community and it is the place for the regeneration of the soul"(78). To put it in simpler terms Huck belongs out under the stars where he will not be bound by the community. The next impedance in which Huck is faced with is the untimely return of his drunkard father. His father was merely stopping through to steal money from his son. So since he did not care for his son much, Pap did not feel the least bit inclined to treat his son with any respect. So Huck once again faces confinement, except this time it is in a log cabin. This time, "the only release is escape, flight and effacement of the identity through which bot... ...s own, and enveloping and forming these new found attributes in to a an identity which best suits his "deformed conscience." III Body Huck versus Conformity-Freedom * 1.Huck's stay with Widow Douglas * 2.The flight from Pap * 3.The Raft Trying on Different Identities * 1.Huck's "Death" * 2.The beginning of Huck's quest for himself * 3.Other examples of characters from the novel Deformed Conscience(Good vs. Bad) * 1.Huck's religion * 2.Huck and Jim * 3.Huck needs a family IV Conclusion Huck encounters various situations in which he learns to adapt and react to each situation in a way he feels suitable. Through these experiences Huck learns and overcomes boundaries. Huck combines his learned knowledge into an identity which suits him and thus creates a conscience with which he is comfortable.

Bigotry in Sitcoms: All in the Family

The impact of media communication on society is interpreted by its audiences based on numerous factors. All in the Family was one of the first sitcoms that displayed bigotry in an open forum. Audiences interpreted the show based on their specific in terms of either dominant or oppositional. Audience's interpretations were based on their individual views or beliefs. Writing Intended to have the reader perceive a specific Idea or thought Is known as preferred reading.Producers and writers Intend for their audiences to interpret their material In a specific way. If their perception is different than the intended view this is known as oppositional reading or decoding. Oppositional Readings Dominant and The character of Archie Bunker is represented as a conservative, super patriotic, working class American who is a bigot. Both a dominant and oppositional view Is perceived depending upon the viewing audience. It was the Intent of producers and writers to bring bigotry out In the open where people would laugh rather than take offense.Archie was considered a bigot who was admired for his candid style by some while others were able to accept it as amorous. â€Å"Some viewers applaud Archie for his racist viewpoint, while others applaud the show for making fun of Bigotry' (Vulgar and Reach). The article, â€Å"Archly Bunker's Bigotry: A Study In Selective Perception and Exposure reveals an oppositional reading In which viewers perceive Mike as the opposition. Mike provides rebuttals to Archive's derogatory slurs and racist remarks. The show gives the viewer a character they can relate to based on their selective perception. Avider and Reach). Archie Bunker's Attitude Archie shows he is definitely without a bout racist through his verbal comments and physical expressions In the video clip, â€Å"Hollywood Knows the Truth Opt. 1: Archly Bunker In All in the Family. † Archie classifies specific races, genders and ethnic backgrounds Into categories. Some of his verb al remarks included colored as â€Å"Jews† and polish people, Mike, as â€Å"anathemas†. Archive's expressions during the toasting scene displayed different reactions when Barney drank out of his glass versus his reaction to Sammy Davis Jar. Ringing out of the same glass. Archie didn't want to drink after a colored man. Archie asks Sammy if he thinks he Is prejudice. Sammy responds sarcastically, muff can tell the difference between black and white† (â€Å"Hollywood Knows the Truth Opt. 1: Archly Bunker In All In the Family†). Finally, when Sammy gets ready to leave, he asks Archive's friend to take a picture of him and Archie. As the man snaps the picture, Sammy kisses Archie on the cheek. Archive's expression said it all! Throughout the video clip Archie tries to prove to himself and everyone else he is not racist.No matter how much he tried to play it if, everyone was aware of his feeling on racism through his verbal comments and physical expressions. S elective Perception and Exposure unaware selective perception Ana exposure, unprejudiced viewers perceive Archie as a dumb bigoted â€Å"hardhat. † The prejudice viewer perceives Mike as a long haired, lazy â€Å"anathema Pollock. † In selective perception prejudice viewers are more apt to enjoy the show for its satire while high prejudice viewers enjoy the humor. Therefore, the show is viewed equally with allowing for opposite perceptions.

Oedipus – a True Leader Is Born

A leader is like a guide; because others depend on him, he must be confident in his own abilities and be able to direct his followers towards their goal. While anyone can be a leader, a true leader is born, not made; although certain qualities can be taught, a natural-born leader possesses the intrinsic skill to command respect in a way a taught leader cannot. In Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, Oedipus shows himself to be a true leader. He is a great king and leader, as shown through the eradication of the Sphinx and the cleansing of the city’s miasma.While Oedipus is ultimately the source of the city’s woes, he still did all he could to find and purge the pollution from the city. Unlike Oedipus, Moses was not a natural-born leader. Moses did not possess faculty of commanding others; rather, his capacity for leadership was endowed upon him by God. Before his life changing encounter with God, he was a meek man, aware of the injustice of the world but incapable of doi ng anything about it. Thus, in comparison with Oedipus, Moses cannot be called a true leader. Their difference lies essentially in the source of their powers. Oedipus is born to be a leader; he is completely self-reliant.No divine involvement bestows his abilities upon him. More than anything, the gods are against him. Since his father violated the sacred pact between the guest and host, he has been cursed and doomed to a tragic end. Despite this, Oedipus’ innate skills are still able to bring him to his high status. With his intellect, he correctly answers the Sphinx’s riddle that countless others failed to solve, thus saving Thebes from the Sphinx and becoming king. Oedipus also possesses great resourcefulness. With all of the problems plaguing Thebes, he is not foolish enough to try to do everything by himself.He always knew the right people to ask for help. For example, he sends Creon to ask the Oracle of Delphi the reason behind the plagues. Also, after hitting a dead-end, he sends for the blind prophet, Tiresias, to aid in the investigation of Laius’ murder. Moses, on the other hand, is not a born leader. While Moses killed an Egyptian in defense of a Hebrew, he only wanted to pretend it never happened. He was incapable of leading the Hebrews in rebellion; the only thing he could lead was sheep. He even admits his inability, making excuses to God and imploring, â€Å"’O my Lord, please send someone else. ’(Ex. 4:13). It was only with God’s instruction that Moses was able to become a leader with the power to free the Hebrews. Compared to Oedipus, who relies on his own powers, Moses pales in comparison, as everything he does is reliant on God. God commands Moses to free the Hebrews; He allows Moses to perform miracles; He sends the ten plagues and parts the Red Sea. Moses just uses His words and power, essentially acting as His puppet and the bridge between Him and His people. The distinction in strength between t he two leaders is apparent through their respective relationships with their followers.Like a true leader, Oedipus has an overwhelming presence and commands the respect of his followers. When Oedipus says he will find and bring to justice Laius’ murderer, the citizens never waver or question him. Whether or not Oedipus has proof of god to support him does not matter to them; in fact, they even believe in Oedipus over Tiresias, saying, But that a mortal seer [Tiresias] knows more than I know–where Hath this been proven? Or how without sign assured, can I blame Him [Oedipus] who saved our State when the winged songstress came, Tested and tried in the light of us all, like gold assayed?How can I now assent when a crime is on Oedipus laid? (Socrates) Although Moses is also a successful leader in that he reaches his goal, his relationship with his followers is frail. When Moses goes up the mountain to receive the Ten Commandments from God, problems arise following his absen ce. Without his presence, his followers stray from the right path and begin worshipping a golden calf, which contradicts their covenant with God. Moses can not hold the complete faith of his followers like Oedipus can. While anyone has the potential to become a leader, a true leader is one that is born.Without God, Moses would be nothing more than another of the Hebrews oppressed by the Egyptians. In reality, God could have chosen any of the other Hebrews and led them to the same result. Moses cannot be called a true leader because, although he leads the Hebrews, he is nothing more than an intermediary for God. The true leader is actually God. He is Moses’ guide and the perpetrator of the liberation of the Hebrews. Oedipus, on the other hand, proves himself to be a true leader. He achieves everything—defeating the Sphinx, becoming king, saving Thebes—through his own abilities and controls the complete respect of his followers.

The Government Of India Environmental Sciences Essay

India, our fatherland, is a colossal state both in footings of its topography and history. Its measuring is so titanic that it is frequently described as a ‘sub-continent ‘ portion of the Asiatic continent and yet looking like a continent in itself. It sprawls between the white highs of the Himalaya and the shores of the Indian Ocean, which washes the land for 1000s of kilometers from the delta of the Ganga in West Bengal to Kachchh in Gujarat, a small to the E of the oral cavity of the Indus. The land encompasses the huge sweeps of the northern fields, the littorals of the Thar on the West, Indo-Myanmar hills on the E, the uneven tableland surface, the antediluvian hills and the coconut bring forthing coastal fields on the South and the exalted snow-capped mountains on the North. The state gets an abundant of sunlight from the tropical Sun and the wet from the sprinkling monsoon rains. The two elements together exercising enormous influence on the fate of its pullulating 1000000s. This is India, our fatherland, the dispenser of our fate with astonishing steadiness, disputing stage, and still changing like the agreements in a kaleidoscope.PROTECTED AREAS:The Government of India enacted Wild Life ( Protection ) Act 1972 with the aim of efficaciously protecting the wild life of this state and to command poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derived functions, the Act was amended in January 2003 and penalty and punishment for offenses under the Act have been made more rigorous, the Ministry has proposed farther amendments in the jurisprudence by presenting more stiff steps to beef up the Act with an aim of supplying protection to the endangered vegetations and zoologies and ecologically of import protected countries[ 1 ]. Protected country is a wide term given chiefly to national Parkss and wildlife sanctuaries meant for affording protection to wild animate beings and their home ground. They besides comprise game militias and biosph ere militias. Protected countries have been set up all over the universe with the unambiguous purpose of guarding and conserving zoologies and vegetations. In India excessively these have been set up in assorted parts of the state. The thought of making protected countries for conserving and protecting wild animate beings and their home ground is non new to India. In ancient times excessively male monarchs and other swayers set aside game preserves though these were meant more for runing than for protecting wild animate beings. Even during the British period many swayers had hiting conserves which were subsequently accorded the position of protected countries, e.g. Bharatpur national park. Many protected countries have been created after the passage of Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. The province authoritiess are empowered to represent national Parkss and wildlife sanctuaries. The cardinal authorities has been armed with more powers under the 42nd constitutional amendment with respects to woods and wildlife. It is a well-accepted fact that at least 5 % of the entire geographical country of India should be set aside as protected country for best consequences so far as wildlife is concerned. Policy formation for the wildlife protection and preservation is made by National Board for Wildlife ( NBWL ) , which is headed by the Prime Minister of India. In order to underscore the people ‘s engagement and their support to protect wildlife a National Wildlife Action Plan ( 2002-2016 ) was adopted in 2002. The policies and be aftering on wildlife preservation, is really much guided by the Federal Ministry and every bit far as Forests Departments are concerned they play a really important function in the execution of the policies for the preservation of wildlife. A web of 668 Protected Areas ( PAs ) has been established, widening over 1,61,221.57 sq. kilometer. ( 4.90 % of entire geographic country ) , consisting 102 National Parks, 515 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 47 Conservation Militias and 4 Community Reserves, 39 Tiger Reserves and 28 Elephant Militias have been designated for species specific direction of tiger and elephant home grounds[ 2 ]. Five protected countries has bee n declared as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. There are 5 classs of the Protected Areas viz, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere militias, Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves.National PARKS:The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 empowers the province authorities to represent national Parkss. It states, â€Å" whenever it appears to the province authorities that an country whether within a sanctuary or non is by ground of its ecological, faunal, flowered, structural or zoological association or importance needed to be constituted as a national park for the intent of propagating or developing wildlife therein or its environment, it may by presentment declare its purpose to represent such an country as a national park. † In order to represent an country into a national park some processs are expected to follow and few of them are counted below: The aggregator makes an question and hearing for rights and grants after that the province authorities through a specific presentment declares an country to be constituted into a national park. Alterations can be made in the frontiers of the national Parkss merely through a declaration by the legislative assembly of the province. All sorts of devastation, development or remotion of woods merchandises, wildlife, teguments, trophies, or their home ground in a national park is banned and prohibited. In national Parkss cowss croping are non allowed. For the intent of a scientific survey or research the gaining control of animate beings can be done merely with the consent and permission of the Chief Wildlife Warden. Within the bounds of national park no 1 can put to death detonation, execute excavation or breakage of land. Chief Wildlife Warden can curtail the entry of human existences in some certain parts of the national Parkss. Permanent abode is prohibited in the premises of a national park if there is any small town it should be shifted to some other countries.WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES:The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 empowers the province authoritiess to represent an country into a wildlife sanctuary after following the prescribed process for question and hearings into the bing rights and grants if any[ 3 ]. The province can declare an country into a wildlife sanctuary which it thinks can be helpful in protecting, propagating or developing the ecology, vegetations and zoologies, geomorphology, wildlife and its environment. The legal commissariats of the wildlife sanctuaries are given below: An question is made by the aggregator sing the being, nature, and extent of rights of individuals populating on the proposed country on which the province authorities wants to represent a sanctuary. After looking into the issues of the rights of the people whose lands are to be acquired a fresh presentment is issued by the aggregator. Free motion of the people is prohibited inside a sanctuary. But lasting occupant can make so with some conditions that they assist in the sensing of offenses, study about deceasing and dead animate beings and in groking the wrongdoers. For the intent of research, survey, touristry or related activity the permission of the Chief Wildlife Warden must be taken ; it can be charged or may be free. To transport arms inside the sanctuary, permission of the competent authorization must be taken. No commercial activity is allowed in a sanctuary.BIOSPHERE RESERVES:In order to protect the workss and animate beings, preserve their diverseness for the present and future homo usage within their natural ecosystems, this construct of pull offing vegetations and zoologies lead to the outgrowth of biosphere militias. Biosphere militias are protected countries of several tellurian, coastal and marine environments that have been internationally recognised for their value in supplying scientific cognition, accomplishments and human values to back up sustainable development[ 4 ]. From each biosphere militias following three maps are expected to be fulfilled: a preservation map – to lend to the preservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and familial fluctuation[ 5 ], a development map – to further economic and human development which is sociocultural and ecologically sustainable[ 6 ], a logistic map – to supply support for research, monitoring, instruction and information exchange related to local, national and planetary issues of preservation and development[ 7 ].CONSERVATION RESERVES:They can be declared by the State Governments in any country owned by the Government, peculiarly the countries adjacent to National Parks and Sanctuaries and those countries which link one Protected Area with another, such declaration should be made after holding audiences with the local communities with a intent of protecting landscapes, seascapes, vegetations and zoologies and their home ground[ 8 ]. It does non impact the rights of people populating inside a Conservation Reserve.COMMUNITY RESERVES:They can be declared by the State Government in any private or community land, non comprised within a National Park, Sanctuary or a Conservation Reserve, where an person or a community has volunteered to conserve wildlife and its home ground. Community Reserves are declared for t he intent of protecting zoology, vegetation and traditional or cultural preservation values and patterns. As in the instance of a Conservation Reserve, the rights of people populating inside a Community Reserve are non affected.DISTINCTION BETWEEN NATIONAL PARK, SANCTUARY and BIOSPHERE RESERVES:NATIONAL PARK Habitat for peculiar wild carnal species. The general size scope is 0.04 to 3162 sq. kilometer. Boundaries fixed by statute law. Except the buffer zone no biotic intervention. Tourism allowable. Research and scientific direction lacking. So far no cistron pool and preservation. Sanctuary By and large, species-oriented such as citrous fruit, hurler works, etc. The general size scope is 0.61 to 7818 kilometer. Boundaries are non inviolable. Limited biotic intervention. Tourism allowable. Research and scientific direction lacking. So far no cistron pool and preservation. BIOSPHERE RESERVE Ecosystem oriented i.e. all signifiers of life. The general size scope is over 5670 sq. kilometer. Boundaries fixed by statute law. Except the buffer zone, no biotic intervention. Tourism usually non allowable. Managed attending is given.Purpose FOR THE FORMATION OF PROTECTED AREAS AND NATIONAL PARKS:With big regional fluctuations in physical geography, clime and edaphic types as mentioned above, Indian woods offer a broad scope of home ground types, which is responsible for a big assortment of wildlife in India. Wildlife comprises animate beings, birds and insects populating in woods. There are about 76,000 species in India, which is about 82 % of the known life species of the universe. Nature has bequeathed our fatherland with more than two 1000 species of birds, more than five 100 species of mammals and 100s of species of reptilians and amphibious vehicles. As we all know that the forest screen in our state is deteriorating at a really fast gait and because of this wildlife is acquiring grandiose really adversely. The figure of several species has been drastically reduced, some are endangered species and the others are on the brink of extinction while some of them have already disappeared. Some of them are the olympian Lion, elusive Snow Leopard, one-horned Rhinoceros, Elephant, rare lion-tailed Macaque, aureate Eagle, western Tragopan and Monal Pheasant. In order to protect natural flora, wildlife, endangered species, preserve familial diverseness and to keep a balance in ecosystem assorted national Parkss, sanctuaries and biospheres came into being. Indian Board for Wildlife was established in 1952. The chief intent of the board was to rede the Government on the agencies of preservation and protection of wildlife, building of national Parkss, sanctuaries and zoological gardens every bit good as exciting civic awareness vis-a-vis safeguarding of vegetations and zoologies. Then came the Wildlife ( protection ) Act, 1972 which is a comprehensive jurisprudence that gives house position to the national Parkss and sanctuaries and other militias, extends statutory precautions to the full geographical country, prescribe potent control over the trade and traffic in wild animate beings and carnal articles puting down hindrance penalties for the reprobates. Threatened and disappearing species of vegetations and zoologies have been taken under the horizon of this act. Some other grounds which are really much responsible for the formation of protected countries to protect and conserve our bio-diversity are devastation of wild workss of woods for lumber, wood coal and firewood frequently deprives wild animate beings their most toothsome nutrient and affects their endurance, absence of screens or shelter to wild animate beings, noise pollution by different conveyance media and fouling river H2O have adversely affected wild animate beings runing methods of all sorts and for any intent ( that is, nutrient, diversion, pelt, feather, ivory, horn etc. ) .

Through the Lens Essay

Does a Picture Really Tell A Thousand Words? According to John Berger, photographs from August 6th, 1945, are â€Å"images of hell. † (316) That was the day the US dropped an atomic bomb on Japan, killing countless innocent civilians and severely burning others. In his essay, â€Å"Hiroshima,† Berger faces the idea that our culture has â€Å"abandoned† the â€Å"concept of evil. † (320) Countless pictures seem to be the only thing left of that day, and from Berger’s perspective, the true meaning of that event has been hidden, even though the facts are still in textbooks.The concept of horrific pictures being taken plays an important role in Berger’s thoughts about Hiroshima, because those pictures are what initially sparked his interest. However, the idea of sharing of graphing pictures is called into question by Susan Sontag in her essay, â€Å"Regarding the Pain of Others,† who points out that war photography should have some form of censorship because of the effect it may have on victims or families who have lost their loved ones. While Berger doesn’t seem to promote graphic photography, it seems that from is point of view, pictures such as these make a reality of what otherwise might just become another page in our history books. â€Å"These paintings [by survivors] were shown on Japanese television. Is it conceivable that the BBC would show these pictures on Channel One at a peak hour? † (319) He makes a strong point that American television would never show those pictures without â€Å" reference to ‘political’ and ‘military’ realities† (319) because it was our country that caused such destruction. Sontag almost reinforces this idea by saying that â€Å"the camera brings the viewer close, too close,† (259) but at the ame time contradicts it by implying that war pictures sometimes provide inaccurate information because of new age technology. Cameras and c omputers today have the ability to enhance the main focus, what the photographer wants you to look at, and blur out other details which may change a picture completely. â€Å"The real thing may not be fearsome enough, and therefore needs to be enhanced; or reenacted more convincingly. † (259) This brings out a good point, although cameras used in 1945 wouldn’t have that kind of technology, but they can still be edited today.That being said, a picture can be inaccurate in more ways than one. While the Hiroshima pictures are heartbreaking to look at, Berger fails to address the fact that not all war pictures tell the full story, along with what may have happened before and after the picture was taken, and some may be taken completely out of context. Sontag brings in this idea by talking about a famous picture of a South Vietnamese General shooting a Vietcong suspect, which turned out to be staged. This idea calls Berger’s argument into question, because it is unkn own which pictures are â€Å"real† and which are mainly for ublicity purposes. We don’t know what happened before, after, or even what’s going on outside the frame on a picture just by looking at it. Only the photographer and the people present at that moment know the whole truth. Although Sontag brings in some point that were missed by Berger, Sontag reinforces Berger’s speculation that US television and newspapers only show what the government wants the public to see, and nothing more. She adds that the military promoted â€Å"images that illustrated America’s absolute military superiority over its enemy. † (260) in the Gulf War in 1991.This idea really brings the true motives of our nation out, which is really what Berger’s entire argument is based off of. He tries to make the US look like bullies, killing innocent people to scare their government so that we look like a strong country that defeats the bad guys and protects its citi zens. â€Å"It was not a miscalculation, an error, or the result of a situation deteriorating so rapidly that it gets out of hand. † (319) This quote proves that, from Berger’s perspective, the US purposely caused such an event, which was preplanned , not a defense mechanism.While Sontag doesn’t specify an opinion about why the US only shows pictures that make ourgovernment look good, she does mention that â€Å"the use of cameras at the front for nonmilitary purposes have become much stricter as war has become an activity prosecuted with increasingly exact optical devices for tracking the enemy. † (260) This would explain why we don’t see many pictures of the war going on right now, even though it’s been going on for many years already. Berger aims his focus on Hiroshima alone, while Sontag looks at the big picture of war photography in itself.Sontag would assumingly agree with Berger about the issue of Hiroshima, how horrifying it was and how those pictures play such a big role. At the same time, I think this would further promote her idea that war photography is sometimes too harsh, even though without seeing those pictures, one might not be able to imagine such horror. However, Sontag might not agree with Berger when he says â€Å"the memory of these events should be continually before our eyes. † (320) A lot of pictures should be continually before our eyes, and unfortunately Hiroshima is only an example of events hat would be forgotten without visual aids to remind us. He himself is an example, not interested in the book on his desk until he opened it and was reminded of such an event. But like Sontag says, â€Å"to display the dead, after all, is what the enemy does. † (259) In many third world countries, people see death and sickness all the time. Civilians in places like Iraq and Afghanistan probably see death more than anyone, and we, the enemy, are the ones showing it to them. For us, war pictu res hit too close to home, especially for amilies that have loved ones overseas fighting for our country, but what about people that have to witness it firsthand? They don’t always have a choice. Berger, who is British, calls his friend from America, the one he talks about in the beginning, â€Å"innocent,† saying that she looks at a â€Å"nuclear holocaust without considering its reality. † (321) But in a way, many Americans do that. We could â€Å"google† many kinds of pictures, graphic or not, whenever we feel like it, but do we really think about what it would be like to be there?This is the problem with Sontag’s idea about war photos not being shown; without them, many Americans would probably be even more naive than they already are. If I told you a bomb was dropped on Japan and many people were killed and burned, you would probably feel sympathy, but you would probably go on with your day, as would a lot of people. But seeing pictures, child ren burned, dead bodies, that would make it more real, and that’s why Berger says we should constantly see things like that. Unfortunately, that can’t be publicly shown, especially on television, where verything has to be â€Å"family oriented. † There’s a downside to both arguments: we can’t constantly be reminded of such horrible things like Hiroshima, but we also can’t be completely out of the loop. War photography is a controversial topic, but it’s one that will most likely always be part of life. As long as there’s wars, there will be people trying to expose the events and realities of it. Works Cited Berger, John â€Å"Hiroshima† Fields of Reading, 2010, Bedford/ St. Martin’s Sontag, Susan â€Å"Regarding the Pain of Others† Fields of Reading, 2010, Bedford/ St. Martin’s

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Finance - Essay Example People, processes and systems need to be flexible to respond to conflicts and changes in the environment. It is in this regard that this essay is written to present pertinent changes in organizational processes or systems brought about by investment to adjust to the requirements of efficiency in assuring compliance to attendance protocols of a health care organization. In a specific health care organization, attendance is being monitored by a system of logging in and out utilizing time cards that allow you to punch in and out and are needed as a basis for salary payments. In addition, an access card is used to enter buildings. The problem is many personnel are punching other employees out when they already left hours earlier. Personnel are punching other colleagues in when they never came to work. This is an on going issue and there really is no way to detect it. This system is prone to loopholes and dishonesty because as peers develop teambuilding, employees belonging in the same department or team are susceptible to connivance in relation to attendance and payment requirements. As called for in this situation, change is necessary to achieve a new and higher level of performance and efficiency – as well as to lessen the tedious system of effecting the needed monitoring schemes. Technological advancement made improvements in the system of logging in and out to ensure accurate attendance of employees. This system is called biometrics. According to SearchSecurity.com (2008), â€Å"biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing biological data. In information technology, biometrics refers to technologies that measure and analyze human body characteristics, such as fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns and hand measurements, for authentication purposes.† These have several applications including time attendance, access control, identification

Research Methods in Social Sciences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research Methods in Social Sciences - Essay Example   The experimental survey is a planed design that inflicts a great deal control over the conditions of the research procedure (Ruane, 2004). All experiments entail random task of participants in the phenomenon of the research, dependent and independent variables. The main aim of performing an experiment is to examine casual associations between the dependent variable and independent variable. Researchers might carry out experiments in extremely controlled laboratory settings or in field environments, in which the researcher has somewhat less control over the resultant forces that may influence the variables. In the laboratory, the researcher normally has adequate control over peripheral forces that may affect the participant. Simon indicates that the purpose of the experimental technique is to generate data from which a researcher might obtain genuine conclusions as efficiently as possible. The disparities in outcomes displayed among the different experimental and control groups do not arise from disparities in original forms among the groups. Rather, they result from differences among the stimuli offered to the experimental groups. As Crane, & Brewer asserts, the researcher who prepares the study and plans the conclusion measures, also resolves how the independent variable is to be maneuvered in most experimental research. In addition, most experimental research aims at testing forecasts based on hypothesis rather than generalizing directly from the simulated setting of the laboratory to real experience.  

IT technology becoming the basis of every employment Essay

IT technology becoming the basis of every employment - Essay Example Lifelong learning is seen as a solution to long-standing social and economic problems, despite criticism of adult education colonisation unleashing libratory forces, scholars pointing out bifurcation of labour market, and the ever-existing criticism of political shift towards neoliberalvalue. The article deals with the tussle between the viewpoints of UNESCO and OECD. Lifelong learning, initially thought to be an answer to societal and economic crises, was launched by OECD in 1948 to help Western Europe's economic revival under Marshall Plan and it was referred to as Vocational Training. unprecedented enrolment in 1960s due to economic growth caused stir and resulted in oversupply of graduates who could not be fully absorbed and said that recurrent education should be distributed along lifespan, with work, leisure and retirement. Later it adopted the concept as a long-term strategy and created two axes, vertical, to integrate educational opportunities against disrupted childhood lear ning and a horizontal, for further education according to requirements of labour, research and opportunities. Behind the belief of additional opportunities, economic stability, knowledge, satisfaction, there exist pragmatic issues like non-achievement of equality and opportunity. Due to 1968 student revolt, UNESCO realised that education export from First World to Third failed to meet latter's need. Faure commission was set up to meet the educational challenge and for growth of scientific mind by promoting lifelong modern learning. Although starting point approach was overlapping, there are fundamental differences in later approach. While OECD is unable to connect education with labour potential, UNESCO stops short at educational modernisation. If oecd's aim is to bring non-traditional students into the educated cluster, unesco's goal is to make education basis of democratic process. While first is focussed on industrialised nations, second has global outlook. While first approaches from technical updating point of view, second sees it as a tool of equality and wants a learning world society. It wants to provide the educational facility at any point with a worldwide dimension. There is a suggestion of classless society in the concept and seventies onwards, li felong learning has figured in the national policy of many nations. With globalisation, capitalism has erupted and oecd stressed on education as need of changing society and its reports links education with economy. Second generation of human capital theory questioned the relevance of initial approaches and firmly placed the lifelong educators in labour market/unemployment. Both EC and oecd concentrated more on learning, than on education and human resources became more important now. CRITICISM Article also says that by then unesco had lost its importance on educational issues. The new Commission reported the tension between global, national, regional and local vested interests, tension between individual and universal, tradition v. modernity, long-term v. short-term, spiritual v. material etc. Even from outside, they are regarded differently. Unesco has humanistic tradition and intellectual role while oecd is regarded as capitalistic. While presenting the two paradigms connected to two world views, the article has

Should English be the Global Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should English be the Global Language - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that language plays a key role in effective communication. Language is the key component, which makes messages understandable for the people involved in the process of communication. Here, a point that must be considered is that for communication, such language should be selected which should be easily understood by all people. For example, if there is more than one person from different cultures and societies participating in the process of communication, they must talk in a language with which all people should be familiar because communication can be productive or result-oriented only if all people understand the messages easily. Use of a global language plays a very important role in such cases. A global language is one, which is easily understood by every person regardless of his/her cultural or social background. If we study different languages that are spoken in different parts of the world, we come to know that English is the language, which h as the largest spoken rate. â€Å"English is a global language that allows many diverse peoples around the world to communicate when they don't speak, read, write, or understand one another's language†. All other international languages, such as French, German, Spanish, or Chinese language has less spoken rate than English has. People from different cultures not only understand English but also they can speak good English. The reason is that English is a well-known language, which is used in medical, business, and scientific communication all over the world. Most of the well-known scholars and researchers prefer to do their scientific and medical researches in English language because of its high understandability and spoken rate. In case of negotiations between the parties from different countries, English is used as the communication language in most cases. The reason is that English has already become a common language for the people who do not understand each otherâ€℠¢s language. English language has an attraction in itself, which no other language has. It has become a leader of languages because people from different countries feel pride in speaking English language. Researches show hat English language is the most learned language in the whole world. The graph of English language being taught and learned in any specific country is higher than the graph of any other language. The reason is that English has become the key to professional and educational success of a person. People like to study in those universities, which provide highest quality education to the students. Today, the United States of America and the United Kingdom are viewed as the leaders in providing excellent education to the students related to any specific field of life. Students like to study in such universities in order to get highly valued degrees, which can earn professional success for them in future. Here, the point is that in all those universities, the academic lan guage is English. Students from other countries need to learn English in order study in those universities properly. Moreover, when they graduate from those universities, they are able to get good jobs in the multinational companies because they get the command over the language that is used extensively in multinational languages. In some countries, English is being used as the academic language even though the regional and national languages are different in those countries. It is because the ministries of education of such countries believe in the importance of the English language for the academic and professional success of students. Therefore, we can say that English should be the Global language because it brings